Explain the normothermia range for neonates and list three strategies to prevent hypothermia in the NICU.

• A. 34–35°C; Strategies: ambient cold, do not dry, delay warming
• B. 32–33°C; Strategies: use ice packs, avoid incubator
• C. 38–39°C; Strategies: fever management
• D. 36.5–37.5°C; Strategies: warm humidity and ambient temperature, pre-warmed incubator or radiant warmer, immediate drying and skin-to-skin contact when feasible

Answer: (D)

Neonates do best when kept in a neutral thermal environment, with a body temperature roughly in the mid 36s to 37°C range. This normothermia range helps conserve energy for growth and respiration and reduces risks tied to cold stress, such as hypoglycemia and respiratory instability. To prevent hypothermia, focus on three practices that support stable heat balance: maintain a warm, humidified environment and stable ambient temperature so the infant isn’t exposed to drafts or rapid air changes; use a pre-warmed incubator or radiant warmer so the infant starts at body-temperature heat rather than cooling off after placement; and dry the infant immediately after birth and, when feasible, initiate skin-to-skin contact. Immediate drying minimizes evaporative heat loss, while skin-to-skin (kangaroo care) provides substantial warmth through direct contact and promotes more stable temperature and physiology.