Which drug is used to treat fungal infections in neonates?

• A. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
• B. Amphotericin B
• C. Nystatin
• D. Ketoconazole

Answer: (A)

Treating fungal infections in neonates focuses on a systemic antifungal that is effective against Candida and safe for fragile newborns. Fluconazole fits this well because it has good tissue penetration (including CNS), is effective for invasive candidiasis, and can be given IV or orally with a relatively favorable safety profile in neonates.

Amphotericin B, while potent for systemic infections, has significant nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances, making it a tougher option for newborns unless needed. Nystatin is great for local mucosal infections (like oral thrush) but does not treat systemic disease. Ketoconazole is less favored in neonates due to potential hepatotoxicity and limited pediatric experience.

So fluconazole is the drug most commonly used to treat fungal infections in neonates.